John Heartfield (1891-1968) - Dadaísmo, Fotomontagem

Deutschland, Deutchland Über Alles 1929 Photomechanical reproduction 23.9 x 18.8 cm Eastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Adolf the Superman Swallows Gold and Spouts JunkBefore 28 August 1932, printed before 1942Gelatin silver print35.4 x 24.6 cm; image: 33 x 24.1 cmMuseum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas

Der Sinn des Hitlergrusses: Kleiner Mann bittet um grosse Gaben. Motto: Millonen Stehen Hinter Mir!The Meaning of the Hitler Salute: Little man asks for big gifts. Motto: Millions Stand Behind Me!1932Photomechanical reproductionThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

Die drei Weisen aus dem SorgenlandThe three magi from the Land of Sorrow"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", January 3, 1935, p. 16Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography37.9 x 26.9 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Hitlers FriedenstaubeHitler's Dove of Peace"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", January 31, 1935, p. 80Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.5 x 26.4 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Fantasie zweier OstpaktjagerFantasy of two Eastern Pact hunters"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", February 7, 1935, p. 96Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.2 x 26.5 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Das Spiel Der Nazis Mit Dem FeuerThe Nazis Playing With Fire"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", February 28, 1935, p. 129Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.5 x 26.5 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Neue Erfolge der Naziheilkunde: SENF statt KaseNew success of Nazi medical science: Mustard instead of Cheese"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", March 8, 1935, p. 160Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.0 x 26.6 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Hitlers bester FreundHitler's Best Friend"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", August 15, 1935, p. 528Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography37.8 x 26.5 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Auch ein PropagandaministerAlso a propaganda minister"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", August 22, 1935, p. 544Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography37.8 x 26.8 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Der Platz an der SonneThe place in the sun"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", October 10, 1935, p. 656Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.0 x 26.5 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Die Lehre des WolfesThe Teaching of the Wolf"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", November 21, 1935, p. 752Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.1 x 26.7 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Ubermensch in NotenSuperman in Trouble"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", December 12, 1935, p. 800Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography37.9 x 26.6 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

O du frohliche, o du selige, gnadenbringende ZeitO Joyful, O blessed, miracle-bringing time"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", December 26, 1935, p. 832Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.3 x 26.6 cm

Hurrah, the Butter is All Gone!1935Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38,7x27,3 cmAkademie der Kunste, Berlin, Germany

Neueste Muster der Nazi-Lebensmittelindustrie 1936Latest samples of the Nazi food industry 1936"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", January 9, 1936, p. 32Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.2 x 26.6 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Der braune Tod vor den TorenThe brown death before the gates"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", January 10, 1936, p. 32Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.4 x 26.7 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Uniforfassen fur den Reichstag zu WormsCome get your uniforms for the Reichstag at Worms"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", January 23, 1936, p. 64Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.1 x 26.5 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Nach drei Jahren in der Zange!After Three Years in the Grip!"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", January 30, 1936, p. 80Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography37.9 x 26.6 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Zum Fall Hamsun-Ossietzky Knut Hamsuns Kandidaten fur den Friedens NobelpreisOn the occasion of the Hamsun-Ossietzky case Knut Hamsun's candidates"AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", February 6, 1936, p. 96Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.1 x 26.5 cm.Eastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

An einen sterbenden italienischen SoldatenTo a dying Italian soldier"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", February 13, 1936, p. 112Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography37.9 x 26.7 cm.Eastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Hitler erzahlt Marchen IIHitler tells fairy tales II"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", March 5, 1936, p. 160Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography37.5 x 26.5 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Bevor der Krieg euch fallt, muss er fallen! Schafft die Volksfront, die den Frieden sichert!He must fall, before the war fells you! Create the Popular Front ..."AIZ, Das Illustrierte Volksblatt", May 27, 1936, p. 352Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.0 x 26.7 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Antwort Auf Ein Nazi-PlakatReply to a Nazi Poster"AIZ, Illustrierte Volksblatt", June 10, 1936, p. 384 Rotogravure print, rephotographed montage with typography38.0 x 26.7 cmEastman House Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, New York

Em "Hurrah, the Butter is All Gone!, 1935" uma família alemã encontra-se sentada a uma mesa de jantar, a comer uma bicicleta. A obra lembra um poster de propaganda: a lealdade da família para com Hitler é evidenciada pelo retrato do Fuhrer e pelo papel de parede com a suástica. O bebé abocanha um machado, também ele com uma suástica e o cão lambe um enorme parafuso e porca. A legenda em baixo diz: "Viva, a manteiga acabou-se! Tal como Goering afirmou na sua casa de Hamburgo: "O ferro tornou o Reich forte. A manteiga e a banha tornaram as pessoas gordas". Ao tomar a retórica alemã à letra, Heartfield demonstra o absurdo da sua proposta política. Antinazi fervoroso, Heartfield considerava a arte como eminentemente política. Foi membro do grupo dadaísta alemão e aperfeiçoou a técnica da fotomontagem para reprodução em revistas e jornais, nos quais partes de fotografias com diversas origens eram combinadas, de forma a criticar e satirizar a realidade do governo hitleriano. Jonh Heartfield nasceu em Berlim (ALE) em 1891 e morreu na mesma cidade em 1968.